日本の公立図書館の発展期と児童サービス―1963年から1970年を中心に

汐﨑順子; Junko Shiozaki

doi:10.46895/lis.62.81

日本の公立図書館の発展期と児童サービス―1963年から1970年を中心にThe developing period of public libraries in Japan and services to children: 1963–1970

汐﨑順子Junko Shiozaki

慶應義塾大学大学院文学研究科Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Keio University ◇ 〒108-8345 東京都港区三田二丁目15番45号 ◇ Mita 2-15-45, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan

受付日：2009年3月31日Received: March 31, 2009

受理日：2009年8月26日Accepted: August 26, 2009

発行日：2009年12月25日Published: December 25, 2009

【目的】本研究は，1960年代半ばから1970年代における児童サービスの認識および位置づけを整理して検証し，わが国の公立図書館の発展期との関係を明らかにすることを目的とする．

【方法】1960年代と1970年代に発表，出版され，この時期の公立図書館の運営と発展の核となった『中小都市における公共図書館の運営』（1963），『市民の図書館』（1970），『図書館政策の課題と対策』（1970）と，日野市立図書館の活動（1965～）に焦点を当てて文献調査を行い，児童サービス関係の内容を抽出して検証した．併せて児童サービス関係者への聞き取り調査を実施した．

【結果】公立図書館の発展期には，貸出を伸ばすことに重点を置いた各取り組みが行われるなか，児童書の貸出数の多さが，児童サービスに対する認識と位置づけの変化につながり，児童サービスは図書館発展の重要な鍵ととらえられるようになった．以降の児童サービスに重点を置いた積極的な活動への迅速な方針の転換が，住民の要求，当時の社会の流れに呼応し，公立図書館の発展と普及への大きな力となったことが考察された．

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how library services to children in Japan were perceived by people and functioned in the local community from the mid-1960s to 1970s, and to illustrate how this was related to the enhancement of public library services during the same period in Japan.

Methods: The study examined in detail three fundamental reports that greatly contributed to the enhancement of Japanese public library services in the 1960s and 1970s: (1) Chushotoshi ni okeru kokyo toshokan no un-ei (1963), (2) Shimin no toshokan (1970), and (3) Toshokan seisaku no kadai to taisaku (1970), and analyzed several descriptions of library services to children in the reports. Similarly, various documents on the initial activities conducted by Hino City Library (1965–) were collected and investigated. In addition, interviews were conducted with people who had played an important role in library services to children at that time.

Results: Many library activities during the 1960s and 1970s focused on increasing the circulation of library materials. As the number of loans of children’s books increased, services to children gradually became recognized as an important library function and were considered to be a key means of extending library services. This paper shows that prompt activities by libraries to positively provide children’s services successfully matched the needs of local communities and general social trends of that period, and led to the growth and deployment of public library services in Japan.